PERAN PREBIOTIK DAN PROBIOTIK PADA INFEKSI COVID-19 DENGAN GANGGUAN GASTROINTESTINAL
PERAN PREBIOTIK DAN PROBIOTIK PADA INFEKSI COVID-19 DENGAN GANGGUAN GASTROINTESTINAL
Umi Faza Rokhmah1
1 Departemen Gizi Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
E-Mail : fazaumi.gizi@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)atau virus Covid-19 merupakan salah satu jenis virus yang ditularkan melalui droplet respirasi dan kontak langsung dengan penderita. Masuknya virus di dalam tubuh diperantarai oleh ikatan dengan reseptor Angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE 2) pada sel host. Reseptor ACE 2 banyak terdapat di saluran respirasi sehingga menimbulkan masalah pada sistem pernafasan. Selain itu, virus Covid-19 juga dapat menyebabkan gangguan gastrointestinal seperti mual, muntah, nyeri perut, penurunan nafsu makan, dan diare. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranprebiotik dan probiotik pada penderita Covid-19 dengan gangguan gastrointestinal.
Metode: Kajian pustaka secara naratif dilakukan dengan mensintesis informasi dari beberapa artikel terkait manfaat konsumsi prebiotik dan probiotik pada infeksi covid-19 yang mengalami gangguan gastrointestinal. Penelusuran dilakukan pada database seperti Pubmed, Sciencedirect, dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan beberapa kata kunci terkait prebiotik, probiotik, dan gangguan gastrointestinal pada covid-19.
Pembahasan:Individu dengan infeksi Covid-19 seringkali ditemukan mengalami disbiosis mikrobiota, peningkatan mediator proinflamasi, dan gangguan barier usus. Salah satu yang direkomendasikan untuk memperbaiki gangguan gastrointestinal pada infeksi Covid-19 adalah dengan konsumsi pangan kaya prebiotik dan probiotik.Prebiotik merupakan substrat bagi mikrobiota yang baiksehingga memberikan manfaat kesehatan. Sementara itu, mekanisme aksi probiotik pada sistem gastrointestinal diantaranya adalah berkompetisi dengan organisme patogen, memproduksi senyawa antimikroba, meningkatkan fungsi mukosa intestin dan menguatkan barier epitel, serta menstimulasi sistem imun.
Kesimpulan: Asupan pangan kayaprebiotik dan probiotik memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan saluran gastrointestinal dan membantu memperbaiki gangguan gastrointestinal pada infeksi Covid 19.
Kata Kunci: Covid 19, disbiosis, imunitas, infeksi, prebiotik, probiotik, gastrointestinal
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) or Covid-19 virus is a type of virus thatis transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact with an infected person. The virus bind with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor on the surface of host cell. ACE 2 are widely available in the respiratory tract and initiateseveral disturbances and problems of respiratory sistem. Besides, the virus also causes gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, decreased appetite, and diarrhea. This study aimed to identify the advantages of prebiotic and probiotic consumption during Covid-19 infection with gastrointestinal disorder.
Methods: A narrative literature review was carried out by summarizing informations from several articles related to the benefits of prebiotic and probiotic consumption in covid-19 infections with gastrointestinal disorders. Literatures were obtained from various databases such as Pubmed, Science direct, and Google Scholar using several keywords including prebiotics, probiotics, and gastrointestinal disorders in covid-19.
Discussion: Individuals with Covid-19 infection frequently have microbiota dysbiosis, increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and intestinal barrier disorders. One of the most recommendedtreatment to alleviate gastrointestinal disorders in Covid-19 infection is by consuming foods rich in prebiotics and probiotics. Prebiotics are a good substrate for microbiota thus providing health benefits. Meanwhile, probiotics are microorganisms found in the digestive tract and provide some beneficial effects.The mechanisms of probiotics in the gastrointestinal system include competing with pathogenic organisms, producing antimicrobial compounds, improving intestinal mucosal function, strengthening epithelial barrier, and stimulating the immune system.
Conclusion: Intake of prebiotic and probioticsources contributes positive effect on gastrointestinal tract and improves gastrointestinal disorders during Covid 19 infection.
Keywords: Covid 19, dysbiosis, immunity, infection, prebiotics, probiotics, gastrointestinal
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